test: increase coverage of internal/stream/end-of-stream

This change adds test cases to call the function returned by
end-of-stream and asserts that callbacks are not called when
the stream is ended, or prematurely closed.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23751


Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>