crypto: refactor hasAnyNotIn to avoid unsafe array iteration

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37433


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Juan José Arboleda <soyjuanarbol@gmail.com>