crypto: fail early if passphrase is too long

This causes OpenSSL to fail early if the decryption passphrase is too
long, and produces a somewhat helpful error message.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27010
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25208


Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Sam Roberts <vieuxtech@gmail.com>