src: prefer v8::Global over node::Persistent

`v8::Global` is essentially a nicer variant of `node::Persistent` that,
in addition to reset-on-destroy, also implements move semantics.

This commit makes the necessary replacements, removes
`node::Persistent` and (now-)unnecessary inclusions of the
`node_persistent.h` header, and makes some of the functions that
take Persistents as arguments more generic so that they work with all
`v8::PersistentBase` flavours.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27287


Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Eugene Ostroukhov <eostroukhov@google.com>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>