doc: improve worker_threads documentation

This adds a few examples and clarifications.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/26110


Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anto Aravinth <anto.aravinth.cse@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Vse Mozhet Byt <vsemozhetbyt@gmail.com>