src: remove abort_on_uncaught_exception node.cc

This commit removes the static variable abort_on_uncaught_exception and
adds it to the environment options.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22724


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>