test: improve test-debug-usage

test-debug-usage fails if run with `--trace-warnings` because the
regular expression checking does not allow for the resulting stack trace
from the deprecation warning.

The test also only tests two parts of the three-part usage message.

Improve the test so that it passes with `--trace-warnings` and verifies
all three parts of the usage message.

Signed-off-by: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32141


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>