http: emit timeout duration overflow warning sync

Emit the `TimeoutOverflowWarning` synchronously, even when
still connecting, to get a better stack trace.

With thanks to Anatoli Papirovski for providing helpful
tips when writing the test.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/18906


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>