module: don't search in require.resolve.paths

The paths used by require.resolve() should be treated as
starting points for module resolution, and not actually
searched.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23683
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/18408
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/23643


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>