test: regression tests for async_hooks + Promise + Worker interaction

Add regression tests for the case in which an async_hook is enabled
inside a Worker thread and `process.exit()` is called during the
async part of an async function.

This commit includes multiple tests that seem like they should all
crash in a similar way, but interestingly don’t. In particular, it’s
surprising that the presence of a statement after `process.exit()`
in a function has an effect on the kind of crash that’s being
exhibited (V8 DCHECK vs. assertion in our own code) and the
circumstances under which it crashes (e.g. the -1 and -2 tests
can be “fixed” by reverting 13c5a162, although they
should have the same behavior as the -3 and -4 tests).

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/33347


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>