src: avoid extra `Persistent` in `DefaultTriggerAsyncIdScope`

Instead of getting a reference to the main `AliasedBuffer`, which
would always unnecesarily allocate and destroy a `Persistent`
handle, store and use a reference to the owning object.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23844


Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matheus Marchini <mat@mmarchini.me>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anatoli Papirovski <apapirovski@mac.com>