lib: expose all type checks from the internal types module

Combine all type checks on the internal types module and do not use
the types binding anywhere else anymore. This makes sure all of those
checks exist when required.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25149


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Denys Otrishko <shishugi@gmail.com>