src: refactor win32 `DebugProcess()` to use RAII cleanup

Prefer more idiomatic C++ cleanup code over `goto`.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22981


Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Eugene Ostroukhov <eostroukhov@google.com>
Reviewed-By: Bartosz Sosnowski <bartosz@janeasystems.com>
Reviewed-By: Denys Otrishko <shishugi@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>