vm: allow proxy callbacks to throw

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/33806

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/33808


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gerhard Stöbich <deb2001-github@yahoo.de>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>