tools: refloat Node.js patches to cpplint.py

* Preserve 3 node-core checks
* Preserve patch to `FileInfo.RepositoryName`
* Remove TAP to logfile (unused)

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25771
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/25760
Refs: https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint/blob/3d8f6f876dd6e3918e5641483298dbc82e65f358/cpplint.py


Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>