timers: prevent event loop blocking

When an interval takes as long or longer to run as its timeout setting
and the roundtrip from rearm() to its deferal takes exactly 1ms, that
interval can then block the event loop. This is an edge case of another
recently fixed bug (which in itself was an edge case).

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/18486
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/15072


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>