src: yield empty maybes for failed AsyncWrap::MakeCallback calls

Use an empty `MaybeLocal<Value>` as the return value for
`AsyncWrap::MakeCallback()` if an exception occurred,
regardless of `MakeCallback` depth.

Unfortunately, the public API can not make this switch without
a breaking change (and possibly some kind of deprecation/renaming).

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22078


Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ujjwal Sharma <usharma1998@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jon Moss <me@jonathanmoss.me>