src, tools: add debug symbols for node internals

Before these changes, only V8 added debug symbols to Node's binary,
limiting the possibilities for debugger's developers to add some
features that rely on investigating Node's internal structures.

These changes are a first steps towards empowering debug tools to
navigate Node's internals strucutres. One example of what can be
achieved with this is shown at nodejs/llnode#122 (a command which prints
information about handles and requests on the queue for a core dump
file). Node debug symbols are prefixed with node_dbg_.

Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/llnode/pull/122

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/14901
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/post-mortem/issues/46


Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>