url: handle quasi-WHATWG URLs in urlToOptions()

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/26226
Backport-PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/32446


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>