domains: fix handling of uncaught exceptions

Fix node exiting due to an exception being thrown rather than emitting
an `'uncaughtException'` event on the process object when:
1. no error handler is set on the domain within which an error is thrown
2. an `'uncaughtException'` event listener is set on the process

Also fix an issue where the process would not abort in the proper
function call if an error is thrown within a domain with no error
handler and `--abort-on-uncaught-exception` is used.

Finally, change the behavior of --abort-on-uncaught-exception so that,
if the domain within which the error is thrown has no error handler, but
a domain further up the domains stack has one, the process will not
abort.

Fixes #3607 and #3653.

PR: #3654
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/3654


Reviewed-By: Chris Dickinson <chris@neversaw.us>