workers: add support for data: URLs

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34584


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Bradley Farias <bradley.meck@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Krems <jan.krems@gmail.com>