errors: remove input from ERR_INVALID_URL message

Avoid potentially huge messages and leaked secrets.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38614


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Darshan Sen <raisinten@gmail.com>