stream: async iteration should work with destroyed stream

Fixes https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/23730.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23785


Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matheus Marchini <mat@mmarchini.me>