test: simplify vm-module-errors test

Use `assert.rejects` to test error cases. This simplifies the test.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27123


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Yuta Hiroto <hello@hiroppy.me>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>