doc: fix error notes in `Buffer.from()` variants

Make notes about `TypeError` conditions in `Buffer.from()` variants
more accurate.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27030


Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Signed-off-by: Beth Griggs <Bethany.Griggs@uk.ibm.com>