doc: add missing periods or colons

Some other formatting nits were fixed
and some superfluous descriptions were simplified in passing.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/20401


Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>