deps: backport ICU-20575 to fix err/crasher

- Floating patch for ICU 64.x
- includes test case

ICU Bug: https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-20575
Backport of: https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/pull/634
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/27418

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27435


Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>