lib: make primordials Promise methods safe

`catch` and `finally` methods on %Promise.prototype% looks up the `then`
property of the instance, making it at risk of prototype pollution.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/38650
Refs: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.prototype.catch


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>