test: improve known_issues/test-vm-timeout-escape-queuemicrotask

Improve known_issues/test-vm-timeout-escape-queuemicrotask to mitigate
CI failures on ubuntu1604-arm64. Failures are due to a race condition.
Use `common.platformTimeout()` to help, adjust timeout to make sure
`queueMicrotasks()` has a chance to run, and improve error message.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25503


Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ben Coe <bencoe@gmail.com>