build: improve Travis CI settings

Remove macOS-specific steps, and reduce warnings due to compilation with
clang.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/21459


Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>