src: initialize ICU version in per_process::metadata.versions

Instead of

- Initialize the ICU versions in JS land after consulting
  internalBinding('config').hasIntl
- Joining the version keys in C++
- Splitting the keys in JS and call into C++ again to get the value for
  each of the keys

Do:

- Guard the initialization code behind `NODE_HAVE_I18N_SUPPORT`
- Do the initialization in C++ right after ICU data is loaded
- Initialize each version directly using ICU functions/constants,
  and put them in per_process::metadata.versions. These will be
  copied into `process.versions` naturally later.
  This way, the initialization of the versions won't be called
  in worker threads again.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/25115


Reviewed-By: Steven R Loomis <srloomis@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Minwoo Jung <minwoo@nodesource.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>