test: add common.mustCall() to NAPI exception test

Use `common.mustCall()` to confirm that function is invoked.

Backport-PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/19447
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12959


Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gibson Fahnestock <gibfahn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>