dgram: fix send with out of bounds offset + length

fix Socket.prototype.send sending garbage when the message is a string,
or Buffer and offset+length is out of bounds.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/40491

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/40568


Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>