test: fix hijackStdout behavior in console

`console.log` and some other function will swallow the exception in
`stdout.write`. So an asynchronous exception is needed, or
`common.hijackStdout` won't detect some exception.

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v8.2.1/lib/console.js#L87

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/14647


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Refael Ackermann <refack@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Yuta Hiroto <hello@about-hiroppy.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>