timers: reschedule interval even if it threw

To match browser behaviour, intervals should continue being
scheduled even if the user callback threw during execution.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/20002


Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>