doc: documentation deprecation of process.binding

This is the first step in a long process of deprecating
`process.binding()` and replacing it with `internalBinding()`.

Eventually, once we have replaced internal uses of
`process.binding()` with `internalBinding()`, we can escalate
to a runtime deprecation and eventual end-of-life.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/22004


Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Vladimir de Turckheim <vlad2t@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Bryan English <bryan@bryanenglish.com>
Reviewed-By: Vse Mozhet Byt <vsemozhetbyt@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Reviewed-By: Сковорода Никита Андреевич <chalkerx@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>