assert: fix throws trace

The current stack trace thrown in case `assert.throws(fn, object)`
is used did not filter the stack trace. This fixes it.

Backport-PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23223
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/18595


Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anatoli Papirovski <apapirovski@mac.com>