src: improve StreamBase read throughput

Improve performance by providing JS with the raw ingridients
for the read data, i.e. an `ArrayBuffer` + offset + length
fields, instead of creating `Buffer` instances in C++ land.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23797


Reviewed-By: Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu <timothygu99@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>