string_decoder: throw ERR_STRING_TOO_LONG for UTF-8

String::NewFromUtf8 doesn't generate an exception in V8 when the string
is too long but is guaranteed to return an empty MaybeLocal only in
that case. Generate a Node.js exception when it happens.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/35676

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/36661


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Gireesh Punathil <gpunathi@in.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>