worker: refactor to avoid unsafe array iteration

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37346


Reviewed-By: Darshan Sen <raisinten@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Harshitha K P <harshitha014@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trivikram Kamat <trivikr.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>