src: use predefined AliasedBuffer types in the code base

Instead of allowing the callers to instantiate the template
with any numeric types (such as aliasing a Uint8Array to double[]),
predefine types that make sense and use those instead.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27334


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>