wasi: introduce initial WASI support

Co-authored-by: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Bevenius <daniel.bevenius@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jiawen Geng <technicalcute@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Co-authored-by: Chengzhong Wu <legendecas@gmail.com>

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30258
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27850


Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Saúl Ibarra Corretgé <saghul@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Guy Bedford <guybedford@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Richard Lau <riclau@uk.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Wyatt Preul <wpreul@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng <technicalcute@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Chengzhong Wu <legendecas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Daniel Bevenius <daniel.bevenius@gmail.com>