crypto: add getCipherInfo method

Simple method for retrieving basic information about a cipher
(such as block length, expected or default iv length, key length,
etc)

Signed-off-by: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/22304

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/35368


Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>