inspector: move process.binding to internalBinding

In places of process.binding('inspector'), migrate code to adapt
internalBinding.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/24931
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/22160


Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>