Add exception metadata handling to V8 inspector

This interface allows associating meta information to
exceptions. This meta information can be used by debugging
tools, like DevTools, to learn about e.g. a network request
or a DevTools issue that is associated with the exception.
To do so the inspector client (i.e. embedder) has to provide
the data.

Bug: chromium:1213393
Change-Id: Ia86221f4f04b21024d592bafb2f74886ead8a6a8
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/v8/v8/+/2928496


Commit-Queue: Sigurd Schneider <sigurds@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Philip Pfaffe <pfaffe@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#74909}