* Reproducer for issue encountered in smart_holder update.

* clang-tidy compatibility (untested).

* Add `enable_if_t` to workaround.

* Bug fix: Move `PYBIND11_USING_WORKAROUND_FOR_CUDA_11_4_THROUGH_8` determination to detail/common.h

So that it actually is defined in pybind11.h

* Try using the workaround (which is nicer than the original code) universally.

* Reduce reproducer for CUDA 11.7 issue encountered in smart_holder update.

This commit tested in isolation on top of current master + first version of reproducer (62311eb431849d135a5db84f6c75ec390f2ede7c).

Succeeds with Debian Clang 14.0.6 C++17 (and probably all other compilers).

Fails for CUDA 11.7:

```
cd /build/tests && /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc -forward-unknown-to-host-compiler -Dpybind11_tests_EXPORTS -I/mounted_pybind11/include -isystem=/usr/include/python3.10 -g --generate-code=arch=compute_52,code=[compute_52,sm_52] -Xcompiler=-fPIC -Xcompiler=-fvisibility=hidden -Werror all-warnings -std=c++17 -MD -MT tests/CMakeFiles/pybind11_tests.dir/test_class.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/pybind11_tests.dir/test_class.cpp.o.d -x cu -c /mounted_pybind11/tests/test_class.cpp -o CMakeFiles/pybind11_tests.dir/test_class.cpp.o
/mounted_pybind11/tests/test_class.cpp(53): error: more than one instance of overloaded function "pybind11::class_<type_, options...>::def [with type_=test_class::pr4220_tripped_over_this::Empty0, options=<>]" matches the argument list:
            function template "pybind11::class_<test_class::pr4220_tripped_over_this::Empty0> &pybind11::class_<type_, options...>::def(const char *, Func &&, const Extra &...) [with type_=test_class::pr4220_tripped_over_this::Empty0, options=<>]"
/mounted_pybind11/include/pybind11/pybind11.h(1557): here
            function template "pybind11::class_<test_class::pr4220_tripped_over_this::Empty0> &pybind11::class_<type_, options...>::def(const T &, const Extra &...) [with type_=test_class::pr4220_tripped_over_this::Empty0, options=<>]"
/mounted_pybind11/include/pybind11/pybind11.h(1586): here
            argument types are: (const char [8], <unknown-type>)
            object type is: pybind11::class_<test_class::pr4220_tripped_over_this::Empty0>

1 error detected in the compilation of "/mounted_pybind11/tests/test_class.cpp".
```

* fix: PyCapsule_GetDestructor is allowed to return a nullptr destructor

Previously, this code would error out if the destructor happened to be
a nullptr. This is incorrect. nullptrs are allowed for capsule
destructors.

"It is legal for a capsule to have a NULL destructor. This makes a
NULL return code somewhat ambiguous; use PyCapsule_IsValid() or
PyErr_Occurred() to disambiguate."

See:

https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/capsule.html#c.PyCapsule_GetDestructor

I noticed this while working on a type caster related to #3858 DLPack
happens to allow the destructor not to be defined on a capsule, and I
encountered such a case. See:

https://github.com/dmlc/dlpack/blob/e2bdd3bee8cb6501558042633fa59144cc8b7f5f/include/dlpack/dlpack.h#L219



* Add test for the fix.

* Update tests/test_pytypes.cpp

I tried this locally and it works!
I never knew that there are cases where `reinterpret_cast` does not work but `static_cast` does. Let's see if all compilers are happy with this.

Co-authored-by: Aaron Gokaslan <skylion.aaron@gmail.com>

* style: pre-commit fixes

Co-authored-by: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve <rwgk@google.com>
Co-authored-by: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve <rwgkio@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Aaron Gokaslan <skylion.aaron@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add `gil_scoped_acquire` to `shared_ptr_trampoline_self_life_support` ctor.

* Add test exercising fix & validation that the fix is needed (i.e. this is BROKEN).

test_class_sh_trampoline_shared_ptr_cpp_arg.py::test_std_make_shared_factory[pass_through_shd_ptr] PASSED                            [ 87%]
test_class_sh_trampoline_shared_ptr_cpp_arg.py::test_std_make_shared_factory[pass_through_shd_ptr_release_gil] FAILED                [100%]

```
================================================================= FAILURES =================================================================
______________________________________ test_std_make_shared_factory[pass_through_shd_ptr_release_gil] ______________________________________

pass_through_func = <built-in method pass_through_shd_ptr_release_gil of PyCapsule object at 0x7f1b209707b0>

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "pass_through_func", [m.pass_through_shd_ptr, m.pass_through_shd_ptr_release_gil]
    )
    def test_std_make_shared_factory(pass_through_func):
        class PyChild(m.SpBase):
            def __init__(self):
                super().__init__(0)

        obj = PyChild()
        while True:
>           assert pass_through_func(obj) is obj
E           RuntimeError: NEEDED HERE: gil_scoped_acquire gil;
```

* Put back fix.

* Disable test triggering ASAN failure (to pin-point where the problem is).

* Fix unsafe "block" implementation in test_eigen.cpp

* Undo changes (i.e. revert back to master).

* Detect "type_caster for Eigen::Ref made a copy."

This is achieved without
* reaching into internals,
* making test_eigen.cpp depend on pybind11/numpy.h.

* Add comment pointing to PR, for easy reference.

* Work-Around: NVCC 11.4.0 - 11.8.0

Adds a targeted NVCC work around for limited number of CUDA
releases. Fixed in NVCC development.

* style: pre-commit fixes

* CI: Bump CTK Version 11.2 -> 11.7

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

updates:
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy: v0.971 → v0.981](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy/compare/v0.971...v0.981

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

updates:
- [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v2.38.0 → v2.38.2](https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/compare/v2.38.0...v2.38.2

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Call reserve method in set and map casters too

* Refactor template logic into has_reserve_method

* Adjust comment for reviews

* Rearrange reserve_maybe to not be underneath macro

* Avoid local_internals destruction

It allows to avoid possible static deinitialization fiasco.

* Add link to relevant google style guide discussion

* Fix for windows compiler, missing object initializer

* Removal of if-else macro for MSVC

updates:
- [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v2.37.3 → v2.38.0](https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/compare/v2.37.3...v2.38.0)
- [github.com/PyCQA/pylint: v2.15.2 → v2.15.3](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/compare/v2.15.2...v2.15.3

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* chore: Delete copy ctor/assign for GIL RAIIs

* Fix typo

* Delete copy ops for local gil scoped acquire

* fix: Python-3.12 compatibility

Enable dynamic attributes for `pybind11_static_property`

* Add future-notice comment

updates:
- [github.com/PyCQA/pylint: v2.15.0 → v2.15.2](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/compare/v2.15.0...v2.15.2

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

updates:
- [github.com/psf/black: 22.6.0 → 22.8.0](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/22.6.0...22.8.0

)

* Update .pre-commit-config.yaml

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <HenrySchreinerIII@gmail.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

updates:
- [github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks: v1.3.0 → v1.3.1](https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks/compare/v1.3.0...v1.3.1)
- [github.com/sirosen/texthooks: 0.3.1 → 0.4.0](https://github.com/sirosen/texthooks/compare/0.3.1...0.4.0)
- [github.com/PyCQA/pylint: v2.14.5 → v2.15.0](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/compare/v2.14.5...v2.15.0)
- [github.com/codespell-project/codespell: v2.1.0 → v2.2.1](https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell/compare/v2.1.0...v2.2.1

)

* Introduce .codespell-ignore-lines for safer (line-based instead of word-based) suppressions.

* Fix two issues: 1. ensure sort order; 2. remove duplicates

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve <rwgk@google.com>

Bumps [ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) from 1.10.0 to 1.11.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd/compare/v1.10.0...v1.11.0

)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

This looks like it lacks a newline.

* Remove sanity check from code base.

* Use main over master.

* Better alternative that doesn't collide with language keywords/frequent usage words.

* Add debug fprintf to test_interpreter.cpp

* Update `sys.path` from `PYTHONPATH` in Python >= 3.11 branch of `initialize_interpreter()`

* Use `config.isolated = 0; config.use_environment = 1;`

As suggsted by @vstinner here: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/4119#issuecomment-1219442853



* Add `TEST_CASE("PYTHONPATH is used to update sys.path")`

* Fix clang-tidy error.

* Use `_putenv_s()` under Windows.

* Fix clang-tidy error: argument name ... in comment does not match parameter name

* Remove slash from PYTHONPATH addition, to work around Windows slash-vs-backslash issue.

* Use `py::str(...)` instead of `.attr("__str__")` as suggested by @skylion007

Co-authored-by: Aaron Gokaslan <skylion.aaron@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Aaron Gokaslan <skylion.aaron@gmail.com>

C++23 feature: P2445R1 forward_like()

* Add some additional pytests

* Reorder tests

* Further reorder tests

* remove stray lines

* remove unused fixtures

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* add installation support for pkg-config dependency detection

pkg-config is a buildsystem-agnostic alternative to
`pybind11Config.cmake` that can be used from build systems other than
cmake.

Fixes #230

* tests: add test for pkg config

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

updates:
- [github.com/asottile/yesqa: v1.3.0 → v1.4.0](https://github.com/asottile/yesqa/compare/v1.3.0...v1.4.0)
- [github.com/PyCQA/flake8: 5.0.2 → 5.0.4](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8/compare/5.0.2...5.0.4

)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Try to update getset_dict APIs for 3.11

* Update API for all Python versions

* Test ifdef for forward explicit forward compat

* Fix ifdef