Check scope's __dict__ instead of using hasattr when registering classes and exceptions (#2335)

* Check scope's __dict__ instead of using hasattr when registering classes and exceptions, to allow registering the same name in a derived class scope

* Extend test_base_and_derived_nested_scope test

* Add tests on error being thrown registering duplicate classes

* Circumvent bug with combination of test_class.py::test_register_duplicate_class and test_factory_constructors.py::test_init_factory_alias