Add note that VS2017 requires /permissive- to build in C++17 mode (#2431)

* Add note that VS2017 requires /permissive- to build in C++17 mode

* ci: test C++17 on MSVC 2017

* ci: args1/2, use args to override max cxx

Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>