Check if module file extension could be queried correctly (#2538)

On very incomplete python installations (e.g. within Docker), it's
possible that distutils is not installed. In that case, the
``execute_command`` statement that queries distutils for the Python
module extension fails, and pybind11 uses the empty string. This commit
adds an extra check that causes a CMake failure with more actionable
information (just spent a lot of time trying to track down this problem :))