[MLIR][LLVM] Extend argument/result/function attribute support.

Use a disallowlist approach to deselect attributes on arguments and
return values that are not yet supported, but allow the rest to be
present when inlining.

To achieve fast lookup in `isLegalToInline`, the set of unsupported
function attributes is cached on the inliner interface object during
construction. By using a set of StringAttrs this should just amount to a
pointer lookup.

Depends on D146633

Reviewed By: gysit

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D146729